Background: The infestation of seeds by insects and their negative effects on food production, is a challenge due to the reduction on seedling performance and the quality of the final product. Damage caused by insect feeding on seeds may reduce nutrients, viability, weight and expose them to pathogens. Methods: seven plant oils used in this experiment to find out the extent of their use as alternatives to pesticides against S. granarius, R. dominica, the oils used in the experiment are basil oil (Ocimum basilicum), anise oil) Pimpinella anisum (, flaxseed oil (Linum usitatissimum) cumin oil (Cuminum cyminum), Clove oil (Syzygium aromaticum), Peppermint oil (Mentha piperita), Cinnamon oil (Cinnamomum verum). three concentrations (0.5, 1,2 ml / 50 gm of Wheat) were examined of every oil. the effective of these oils in reducing the insect population was studied. three replicates were used for each concentration and each replicate contained ten insects, in addition to the control treatment (no oil application). Results :Seven essential plant oils were evaluated: Basil oil, star anise oil, flaxseed oil, cumin oil, clove oil, peppermint oil, and cinnamon oil, against the coleopteran S. granarius and R. dominica .Results showed that, death rate increases by the concentration and the exposure duration increase, As the fatal toxicity of cinnamon oil in the rate of 100% against  R. dominica, and S. granarius at Concentration 2 ml, death rate 100 % after 48 hours against R. dominica , and after 72 hours against S. granarius , . Clove oil death rate recorded 100% against R. dominica at the Concentration 1, 2 mL after 72 hours of treatment, while Clove oil recorded death rate 100% at Concentration 2 ml against S. granarius after 72 hours of treatment, flax seed oil death rate recorded 100% against R. dominica after 72 hours of exposer at Concentration 2 mL, while death rate recorded 83.3% against S. granarius at the same Concentration and same exposure time. Conclusion: and find that insect R. dominica She was more sensitive of insect S. granarius when treated All plant oils tested Except for cumin oil and basil oil.