Fire blight disease was first recorded in Egypt in 1962 on pear in an area between Alexandria and Damanhour. The disease spread throughout the governorates of the Nile Delta until it reached the pear orchards in the surrounding governorates. Fire blight was never observed in the extended desert of the Faiyum governorate in northern Upper Egypt. Symptoms of fire blight were observed on pear orchards in March 2019 at Sawl Village, Atfih center, in the south of the Giza governorate. Blossom blight, leaf and shoot blight, branch cankers symptoms
were observed on 15-20-year-old pear trees. The Global Positioning System (GPS) coordinates of the diseased pear orchards are 29°22'42.7"N 31°14'19.1"E. Selected five isolates produced on MS medium from infected pear
samples were pathogenic on immature pear fruitlets. Morphological, physiological, and biochemical characteristics of the obtained isolates were conforming to the characteristics of Erwinia amylovora. The primers AMSJ14258 and AMSK14892c generated an amplicon of the expected size (600 bp) for all five isolates. The percentage of visibly diseased trees in the affected orchard was 100%. While the percentage of visibly diseased blossom clusters of the trees of the affected orchard was varied, in a range between 42.5 to 78.1%. As far as we
know, this is the first recorded outbreak of fire blight disease in this area, south of 30 ° N latitude and near latitude 29 ° N in Egypt. Climatic data were studied during the winter and spring in the season of 2018/2019 and those of
the previous three seasons, especially during blooming and early fruiting (March, and April), to build a relationship between the climatic change and fire blight disease outbreaks in pear orchards at this area. The results showed that despite the uncommon events in climate conditions in 2019, compared to the previous three years, the unusual increase in the intensity of rains in March 2019 with the availability of the other climatic conditions could be the most important reason of fire blight disease outbreaks in this region of Egypt recently.