Amelioration of Some Chemical Properties of Magnesium Affected Soils

Author : Mona, H. M. Kenawy; Ahmed, A. Abdelhafez and Mohamed, S. Abdel-Hai

Magnesium is an important nutrient for plant growth; yet, its high hydrated energy makes soil absorb more water while negatively affects soil infiltration rate. To improve soil characteristics, three integrated approaches were adopted in this study, i.e., amending a Mg affected soil with Ca-additive gypsum or phosphogypsum (factor1), selecting the appropriate N-fertilizer (calcium nitrate vs urea) for plants grown under such stressful conditions (factor 2) and using amino acids to increase the available content of Ca in soil to substitute exchangeable Mg (factor 3). To attain these aims, these additives were included in two experiments. The first one was a column experiment of 5 cm inner diameter cm and 70cm long. The leachate was collected from the column after 45 and 90 days then analysed for its content of salts. Thereafter, analysed for soil chemical characteristics and Mg hazards within the surface (0- 30 cm) and sub-surface (30-60 cm) soil layers. The second one was conducted to the pot experiment for a study in which an Mg affected soil was planted with barley plants in presence of the above treatments for 90 days during the winter season of 2020/2021. The results indicate that gypsum exhibited higher efficiency to leach out more Mg and Na from the soil column after 45 days versus phosphogypsum. On the other hand, phosphogypsum recorded higher soil EC values while lessened the Mg hazards beyond those attained for gypsum. A point to note is that the highest increases in exchangeable Ca was attained for the application of phosphogypsum versus gypsum within both the surface and subsurface layers while these additive decreased considerably exchangeable Na and Mg contents. Likewise, Ca(NO3)2 and amino acids raised significantly the leached out of Mg from the soil profile on the short time period only (45 days after application); thereby decreased the Mg hazards in soil. Overall, all these additives raised macro-nutrient contents within plant tissues in the pot experiment; and also boosted plant growth. The "treatment phosphogypsum + calcium nitrate" with amino-acid addition resulted in the biggest increase in plant dry weight, which was 2.25 times more than the control. As a result, this integrated method is certain to improve the properties of an Mg-affected soil.

Keywords : Mg affected soil; gypsum; phosphogypsum; urea; calcium nitrate; amino acids; barley,

Received:9/14/2024 12:00:00 AM; Accepted: 10/25/2024 12:00:00 AM